Indicator reference

How each indicator is actually calculated.

Most indicator pages tell you that RSI above 70 is overbought and stop there. These give the computation this platform performs, what each setting changes, and — the part that is usually missing — where the reading misleads or where implementations quietly disagree with each other.

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Trend

Which way the market is leaning, and where that reading would be wrong.

SuperTrendSTSuperTrend draws a single line that sits below price in an uptrend and above it in a downtrend, flipping sides only when price closes through the active band.Ichimoku CloudIchimokuIchimoku is a complete system rather than an indicator: five lines that together describe trend, momentum, support and resistance on one chart..Parabolic SARPSARParabolic SAR places a dot on the opposite side of price from the trend and moves it closer every bar.Random Walk IndexRWIThe Random Walk Index asks whether a market has travelled further than a random walk of the same volatility would be expected to.Kaufman Adaptive MAKAMAKAMA adjusts its own smoothing constant bar by bar according to how efficiently price is moving.Arnaud Legoux MAALMAALMA weights the lookback window with a Gaussian curve whose peak can be moved toward the recent end.Zero Lag EMAZLEMAZLEMA removes most of the lag of an exponential average by feeding it a de-lagged input: the current price plus the difference between the current price and the price half a period ago..Tillson T3T3T3 applies exponential smoothing six times and then combines the results with coefficients derived from a volume factor, arranged so that the lag of the smoothing partly cancels itself..Hull SuiteHullThe Hull Moving Average takes a weighted average of half the period, doubles it, subtracts the weighted average of the full period, and smooths the result over the square root of the period..Pivot PointsPIVPivot points derive a central level and a set of supports and resistances from the previous period’s high, low and close.Moving AverageMAA moving average smooths price by averaging a window of it.Williams AlligatorAlligatorThe Alligator plots three smoothed moving averages of different lengths, each pushed forward in time by a different amount.Williams FractalsFRACA fractal marks a bar whose high is higher than the two bars either side of it, or whose low is lower than both neighbours.ZigZag (repaints)ZZZigZag connects significant turning points and ignores everything in between.Chandelier ExitCEThe Chandelier Exit places a stop a multiple of ATR below the highest high of a lookback — hung from the ceiling, which is where the name comes from..Volatility StopVStopA volatility stop trails a level an ATR multiple away from price, ratcheting toward it and never away, and flips to the other side when price closes through it..Linear Regression ChannelLinRegA linear regression channel fits a least-squares straight line through the closes of a lookback window, then places bands above and below it at a multiple of the standard error of that fit..EnvelopeENVAn envelope places bands a fixed percentage above and below a moving average.Variable Index Dynamic AverageVIDYAVIDYA varies its smoothing constant according to how one-sided recent momentum has been, measured by the absolute value of the Chande Momentum Oscillator..Fractal Adaptive MAFRAMAFRAMA measures the fractal dimension of recent price — a number between one and two describing how rough the path is — and uses it to set its smoothing..McGinley DynamicMcGThe McGinley Dynamic adjusts its smoothing by the ratio between price and the line itself, raised to a power.Ehlers Super SmootherSSFThe Super Smoother is a two-pole Butterworth filter applied to price.Volume Weighted MAVWMAA volume weighted moving average multiplies each bar by its volume before averaging, so a heavily traded bar counts for far more than a quiet one..Guppy Multiple MAGMMAThe GMMA plots twelve exponential averages in two groups: six short ones representing traders and six long ones representing investors..Gator OscillatorGTRThe Gator plots the absolute distance between the Alligator jaw and teeth above the zero line, and the distance between the teeth and lips below it..

Momentum

How hard price is being pushed, and whether the push is fading.

Relative Strength IndexRSIRSI compares the average size of recent up moves against the average size of recent down moves and expresses the result on a 0–100 scale.MACDMACDMACD measures the distance between a fast and a slow exponential average of price.ADX / DMIADXADX measures how strongly a market is trending, in either direction.StochasticStochThe Stochastic oscillator asks one question: where did this bar close inside the high-to-low range of the last N bars? A reading of 100 means it closed at the top of that range, and 0 means the bottom..Commodity Channel IndexCCICCI measures how far the typical price has moved from its own moving average, scaled by how far it usually moves.Schaff Trend CycleSTCThe Schaff Trend Cycle applies the stochastic calculation to a MACD line, then applies it again to the result.Vortex IndicatorVIThe Vortex Indicator measures upward and downward movement by comparing each bar’s high to the previous bar’s low, and each bar’s low to the previous bar’s high.Fisher TransformFisherThe Fisher Transform normalises price into a band and then applies a mathematical transform that stretches the extremes, converting a distribution with fat tails into something closer to a bell curve..Stochastic RSIStochRSIStochastic RSI applies the stochastic calculation to RSI rather than to price.Williams %R%RWilliams %R measures how far below the recent high the current close sits, as a percentage of the recent range.AroonAroonAroon measures elapsed time, not price.Awesome OscillatorAOThe Awesome Oscillator is the difference between a five-period and a thirty-four-period simple average of the median price.Rate of ChangeROCRate of Change is the percentage difference between the current price and the price a fixed number of bars ago.TRIXTRIXTRIX is the percentage rate of change of an exponential average that has been smoothed three times.Percentage Price OscillatorPPOPPO computes the same difference MACD does — a fast exponential average minus a slow one — and then divides by the slow average to express it as a percentage..Chande Momentum OscillatorCMOThe Chande Momentum Oscillator sums the up moves and the down moves over a window and expresses their difference as a percentage of their total.Ultimate OscillatorUOThe Ultimate Oscillator computes buying pressure over three different lookbacks — short, medium and long — and combines them in a 4:2:1 weighting so the shortest dominates without being able to act alone..QQEQQEQQE smooths RSI and then builds a trailing band around it using a measure of how much the smoothed RSI itself typically moves.Connors RSICRSIConnors RSI averages three things: a very short RSI of price, an RSI of the current up or down streak length, and the percentile rank of the latest one-bar return against recent returns..WaveTrendWTWaveTrend measures how far the typical price sits from its own exponential average, scaled by how far it typically sits from it, then smooths the result twice..Detrended Price OscillatorDPOThe DPO subtracts a moving average from price, but the average is taken from a point in the past rather than from the current bar.Know Sure ThingKSTThe KST sums four smoothed rate-of-change calculations of increasing length, each weighted more heavily than the last..Coppock CurveCoppockThe Coppock Curve adds an eleven-period and a fourteen-period rate of change, then smooths the sum with a ten-period weighted moving average..True Strength IndexTSIThe TSI takes the bar-to-bar price change, smooths it twice with exponential averages, and divides by the same double smoothing of the absolute change..Stochastic Momentum IndexSMIThe SMI measures where the close sits relative to the midpoint of the recent high-low range, rather than relative to the low as the ordinary Stochastic does..Elder RayElderElder Ray measures how far the high sits above a moving average and how far the low sits below it, plotting the two as separate histograms..Elder ImpulseIMPThe Elder Impulse colours each bar green when both a moving average and the MACD histogram are rising, red when both are falling, and blue when they disagree..Balance of PowerBOPBalance of Power scores each bar by the distance from open to close, divided by the distance from high to low..Relative Vigor IndexRVGIThe RVGI compares how far price travelled from open to close against how far it travelled from low to high, summed over four bars with a triangular weighting..

Volatility

How far price typically travels, which is what position sizing is built on.

Bollinger BandsBBBollinger Bands wrap a moving average in an envelope set a number of standard deviations wide.Average True RangeATRATR measures how far an instrument typically travels in one bar, including any gap from the previous close.Choppiness IndexCHOPThe Choppiness Index measures how much ground a market covered relative to how far it actually travelled.Squeeze MomentumSQZSqueeze Momentum detects periods when Bollinger Bands have contracted entirely inside Keltner Channels — volatility compressed below its own normal level — and pairs that with a momentum histogram to say which way the release is likely to break..Donchian ChannelsDCDonchian Channels plot the highest high and the lowest low over a lookback period.Keltner ChannelsKCKeltner Channels place an envelope around an exponential moving average, with the width set by ATR rather than by standard deviation..Bollinger %B%B%B expresses where price sits between the Bollinger bands as a single number: zero at the lower band, one at the upper, and 0.5 at the basis..Bollinger BandwidthBBWBandwidth is the distance between the Bollinger bands divided by the basis, expressed as a percentage.Historical VolatilityHVHistorical volatility is the standard deviation of logarithmic returns over a window, scaled to an annual figure..Normalised ATRNATRNormalised ATR divides the average true range by the closing price and expresses the result as a percentage..Ulcer IndexUIThe Ulcer Index measures how far price has been below its recent high, and for how long, by taking the root mean square of percentage drawdowns..

Volume and flow

Whether the move is being paid for, and by which side.

VWAP (session)VWAPVWAP is the average price of every unit traded in a session, weighted by volume.Money Flow IndexMFIMFI applies the RSI construction to money flow — price multiplied by volume — instead of to price alone.On Balance VolumeOBVOBV adds the whole of a bar’s volume when price closes up and subtracts it when price closes down.Chaikin Money FlowCMFCMF looks at where each bar closed within its own high-to-low range, weights that by the bar’s volume, and sums the result over a window.Twiggs Money FlowTMFTwiggs Money Flow is a refinement of Chaikin Money Flow that replaces the bar’s own high-low range with the true range, and replaces the simple sum with Wilder-style smoothing..Force IndexFIThe Force Index multiplies the bar-to-bar price change by the bar’s volume.Ease of MovementEOMEase of Movement asks how much volume it took to move price a given distance.Relative VolumeRVOLRelative volume divides the current bar’s volume by the average volume over a lookback.Accumulation / DistributionA/DThe Accumulation/Distribution line multiplies each bar’s volume by where the close sat within the bar’s range, and keeps a running total..Cumulative Volume DeltaCVDCumulative Volume Delta separates each trade by which side was aggressive — whether a buyer lifted an offer or a seller hit a bid — and keeps a running total of the difference..Chaikin OscillatorCOThe Chaikin Oscillator is a MACD computed on the Accumulation/Distribution line rather than on price: a short exponential average of it minus a long one..Price Volume TrendPVTPrice Volume Trend accumulates volume like On Balance Volume does, but multiplies each bar volume by that bar percentage change rather than adding all of it or none..Klinger OscillatorKVOThe Klinger computes a volume force for each bar — signed by whether the bar typical price rose or fell, and scaled by how the current range compares to recent ranges — then takes the difference of two exponential averages of it..Volume OscillatorVOThe Volume Oscillator is the difference between a short and a long moving average of volume, expressed as a percentage of the long one..Net VolumeNVOLNet volume is buying volume minus selling volume for each bar, plotted as a histogram around zero rather than accumulated into a running line..Volume Weighted MACDVWMACDVolume Weighted MACD is the standard MACD construction — a short average minus a long one, with a signal line — built on volume weighted moving averages instead of exponential ones..VWAP BandsVWAP±VWAP bands place lines a number of standard deviations above and below VWAP, where the deviation is measured on the volume weighted distribution of trading rather than on closes..Negative / Positive Volume IndexNVIThe Negative Volume Index only changes on bars where volume fell from the previous bar.

Candlestick patterns

Single- and multi-candle formations evaluated without peeking beyond the current bar.

DojiDojiA doji forms when a bar’s open and close land at almost the same price, leaving a body too small to read against its range.Dragonfly DojiDragonflyA dragonfly doji is a doji whose open, close and high all sit at essentially the same price, with a long lower wick beneath it — the visual signature of a session that sold off hard and then recovered the entire move by the close..Gravestone DojiGravestoneA gravestone doji has its open, close and low essentially at the same price, with a long upper wick above — price pushed up hard during the bar and gave the entire move back by the close..Bullish Engulfing PatternBull EngulfA bullish engulfing pattern is two bars: a down bar followed by an up bar whose body fully contains the prior bar’s body — its open is below the prior close and its close is above the prior open..Bearish Engulfing PatternBear EngulfA bearish engulfing pattern is an up bar followed by a down bar whose body fully contains the prior bar’s body, with the second bar’s open above the prior close and its close below the prior open..Bullish HaramiBull HaramiA bullish harami is a large down bar followed by a small up bar whose entire body sits inside the prior bar’s body — the reverse containment of an engulfing pattern..Bearish HaramiBear HaramiA bearish harami is a large up bar followed by a small down bar contained entirely within the first bar’s body — an advance that suddenly could not extend the range in either direction..Morning StarMorning StarA morning star is three bars: a large down bar, a small-bodied bar that gaps or trades away from it, and a large up bar that closes back inside the first bar’s body..Evening StarEvening StarAn evening star is three bars: a large up bar extending an advance, a small-bodied bar where that advance stalls, and a large down bar closing back into the first bar’s body..Three White Soldiers3 White SoldiersThree white soldiers is three consecutive up bars, each opening within the prior bar’s body and closing at a new high with a small upper wick..Three Black Crows3 Black CrowsThree black crows is three consecutive down bars, each opening within the prior bar’s body and closing at a new low with a small lower wick..Piercing LinePiercingA piercing line is a down bar followed by an up bar that opens below the first bar’s low (or close, on a market without true gaps) and closes above the midpoint of the first bar’s body — but not above its open..Dark Cloud CoverDark CloudDark cloud cover is an up bar followed by a down bar that opens above the first bar’s high and closes below the midpoint of its body, without closing below its open..Bullish Hammer StickBull HammerA hammer has a small body near the top of its range, a long lower wick at least about twice the body’s size, and little to no upper wick..Bearish Hammer StickBear HammerA hanging man has the exact shape of a hammer — small body near the top of the range, long lower wick, minimal upper wick — but appears after an advance rather than a decline..Bullish Inverted HammerBull Inv HammerAn inverted hammer has a small body near the bottom of its range, a long upper wick at least about twice the body’s size, and little to no lower wick..Bearish Inverted HammerBear Inv HammerA shooting star has the same shape as an inverted hammer — small body near the bottom of the range, long upper wick, minimal lower wick — but forms after an uptrend rather than a decline..Bullish MarubozuBull MarubozuA bullish marubozu opens at (or almost at) the bar’s low and closes at (or almost at) its high, leaving no meaningful wick on either side..Bearish MarubozuBear MarubozuA bearish marubozu opens at or near the bar’s high and closes at or near its low, with no meaningful wick on either end..Tweezer TopTweezer TopA tweezer top is two consecutive bars whose highs land at essentially the same price, typically the first up and the second down..Tweezer BottomTweezer BottomA tweezer bottom is two consecutive bars whose lows land at essentially the same price, typically the first down and the second up..Abandoned BabyAbandoned BabyAn abandoned baby is a strong trend bar, followed by a doji that gaps away from it on both sides, followed by a strong bar in the opposite direction that also gaps away from the doji..

Compare indicators before stacking them

Formula-level comparisons show which tools add a genuinely different input and which merely transform the same evidence into a second line.

All comparisons

RSI vs Stochastic RSICompare RSI and Stochastic RSI formulas, speed, false signals and practical crypto use. Learn when the faster oscillator adds timing and when it only adds noise.MACD vs Percentage Price OscillatorCompare MACD and the Percentage Price Oscillator across formula, scale, cross-market use and signal interpretation. See why the charts look alike but are not interchangeable.ATR vs Normalized ATRCompare Average True Range and Normalized ATR for stops, position sizing and cross-coin screening. Learn when absolute range is useful and when it distorts comparison.VWAP vs Volume Weighted Moving AverageCompare VWAP and the Volume Weighted Moving Average by anchor, formula and trading use. Learn why two volume-weighted lines answer different questions.ADX vs AroonCompare ADX and Aroon formulas, lag and regime signals. Learn how directional movement differs from measuring how recently price made highs and lows.Bollinger Bands vs Keltner ChannelsCompare Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels by centerline, volatility measure, squeeze behavior and crypto use. Understand why one reacts more to outliers.OBV vs Cumulative Volume DeltaCompare On Balance Volume and Cumulative Volume Delta by data requirements, calculation and divergence. Learn why candle direction is not order-flow direction.SuperTrend vs Parabolic SARCompare SuperTrend and Parabolic SAR for trend state, trailing exits, whipsaw and parameter behavior. Learn why ATR bands and acceleration react differently.

The other 95 are on the chart, not written up yet

Writing a guide worth reading takes longer than adding an indicator, so this reference is smaller than the library. Everything in the library is available on the chart right now, including the 126 functions of the formula language if you would rather build your own.

Browse all 200 on the chart Read the documentation

Put the indicators into a market-specific workflow

The formula stays the same; the market does not. These playbooks explain which readings matter on each pair, how derivatives change the interpretation and where the setup fails.

BTCUSDTBitcoin analysis playbookBitcoin sets the risk regime for most of crypto. The useful question is not whether one indicator is bullish, but whether price structure, participation and leverage tell the same story.ETHUSDTEthereum analysis playbookEther trades on its own catalysts, but its cleanest signals usually appear when ETH/USDT structure and ETH/BTC relative strength agree.SOLUSDTSolana analysis playbookSOL often compresses more, expands faster and punishes fixed-dollar risk harder than BTC. Its opportunity and its danger come from the same source: beta.XRPUSDTXRP analysis playbookXRP can spend long periods in balance and then reprice faster than a familiar indicator stack can adapt. Location and event risk matter more than prediction.BNBUSDTBNB analysis playbookBNB is a liquid large-cap with an unusual risk channel: company, exchange and ecosystem headlines can become market structure in a single candle.DOGEUSDTDogecoin analysis playbookDOGE is easy to trade too large because the unit price looks small. The chart does not care about the number of coins; risk is stop distance multiplied by position size.

Also free, and usually not

Indicators are the part every platform gives away. These are the parts they generally do not.

Volume profile, free.A session volume profile with point of control and value area, free on live crypto markets. No trial, no tier, no account required to open the chart.Order flow, free.Footprint charts with bid/ask volume, delta, imbalance and absorption on live crypto markets — free, in the browser, with no account.A crypto screener, free.Screen the crypto market on indicators, formulas and strategy signals, then backtest the screen — free, with no account and no limit on conditions.Backtesting, free — and honest.Backtest crypto strategies free in the browser, with next-bar execution, walk-forward testing and the overfitting checks most backtesters leave out.Derivatives data, free.Live funding rates, open interest, long/short positioning, taker flow and liquidations on one panel beside the chart. Free, no account, no API key.Depth of market, free.A live level-two order book ladder on crypto perpetuals and spot, free with no account. Watch resting bids and offers, the spread, and the size sitting at every price.Cumulative volume delta, free.Cumulative volume delta on live crypto markets, free and with no account. Track whether buyers or sellers are being aggressive, and spot divergence against price.Funding rates, free.Live and historical perpetual funding rates, free and with no account. See the current rate against its own history, with a z-score and the last two hundred settlements.Market profile, free.Time price opportunity profiles on live crypto markets, free and with no account. See where the session spent its time, not just where it traded volume.

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Updated 2026-08-27